The effect of Vitamin E supplementation on inflammatory biomarkers and oxidative stress in patients with chronic kidney disease on hemodialysis: A systematic review

Hemodialysis, along with chronic kidney disease (CKD), intensifies the inflammatory process and oxidative stress in patients undergoing treatment. In this context, Vitamin E supplementation can mitigate the deleterious effects resulting from these processes. This is a systematic review whose objective was to evaluate the effect of Vitamin E supplementation on inflammatory biomarkers and oxidative stress in patients with CKD on hemodialysis. This review was prepared according to the methodology for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA) and the search was performed in Pubmed, Cochrane Library, Scopus and Web of Science databases. The risk of bias of the included studies was assessed with the Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool. Twelve studies developed between 2006 and 2020 were included in this review. Most of them (n= 11) used vitamin E doses ranging from 400 IU to 888 IU and the supplementation time ranged from 2 weeks to 12 months. Of all the 12 articles included, 25% (n= 3) analyzed supplementation on biomarkers of oxidative stress and 25% (n= 3) addressed these parameters simultaneously. A positive effect was observed in 58.4% of the studies (n= 7). Thus, Vitamin E supplementation can be effective in mitigating the inflammatory process and oxidative stress, however, it is worth noting that the effect depends on the dose and time of supplementation.

La hemodiálisis, junto con la enfermedad renal crónica (ERC), intensifica el proceso inflamatorio y el estrés oxidativo en los pacientes en tratamiento. En este contexto, la suplementación con vitamina E puede mitigar los efectos nocivos resultantes de estos procesos. Esta es una revisión sistemática cuyo objetivo fue evaluar el efecto de la suplementación con vitamina E sobre biomarcadores inflamatorios y estrés oxidativo en pacientes con ERC en hemodiálisis. La revisión se elaboró según la metodología para revisiones sistemáticas y metanálisis (PRISMA) y la búsqueda se realizó en las bases de datos Pubmed, Cochrane Library, Scopus y Web of Science. El riesgo de sesgo de los estudios incluidos se evaluó con la Herramienta Cochrane de Riesgo de Sesgo (Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool). En esta revisión se incluyeron doce estudios desarrollados entre 2006 y 2020. La mayoría (n= 11) utilizó dosis de vitamina E que oscilaban entre 400 UI y 888 UI y el tiempo de suplementación osciló entre 2 semanas y 12 meses. De los 12 artículos incluidos, 25% (n= 3) analizaba la suplementación en biomarcadores inflamatorios, 50% (n= 6) en biomarcadores de estrés oxidativo y 25% (n= 3) en estos parámetros simultáneamente. Se observó un efecto positivo en 58,4% de los estudios (n= 7). Por lo tanto, la suplementación con vitamina E puede ser efectiva para mitigar el proceso inflamatorio y el estrés oxidativo, sin embargo, vale la pena señalar que el efecto depende de la dosis y el tiempo de suplementación.

Oxidative stress in maternal milk and cord blood in gestational diabetes mellitus: a prospective study

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Reduced antioxidant defenses may reflect a poor protective response against oxidative stress and this may be implicated in progression of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Oxidative stress induced by hyperglycemia plays a major role in micro and macrovascular complications, which imply endothelial dysfunction. OBJECTIVE: Our aim in this study was to investigate the association between GDM and oxidative stress markers measured in plasma, with regard to revealing changes to total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and total oxidant status (TOS) among mothers showing impairments in oral glucose tolerance tests (OGTTs). DESIGN AND SETTING: Prospective study at a university hospital in Turkey. METHODS: The study group consisted of 50 mothers with GDM, and 59 healthy mothers served as controls. Umbilical cord blood samples were taken from all mothers during delivery and breast milk samples on the fifth day after delivery. TAC, TOS, thiol and disulfide levels were measured. RESULTS: No statistically significant relationship between the blood and milk samples could be found. An analysis on correlations between TAC, TOS and certain parameters revealed that there were negative correlations between TOS and total thiol (r = -0.386; P < 0.001) and between TOS and disulfide (r = -0.388; P < 0.001) in milk in the control group. However, these findings were not observed in the study group. CONCLUSION: Our findings suggested that a compensatory mechanism of oxidative stress was expected to be present in gestational diabetes mellitus and that this might be ameliorated through good glycemic regulation and antioxidant supplementation.

Role of NRF2 signaling pathway in trichloromethane-induced oxidative stress in L02 cells / 中国职业医学

@#Objective - （ ） To investigate the effects of nuclear factor erythroid 2 related factor 2 NRF2 on the oxidative stress （ ） Methods ） ，， induced by trichloromethane TCM in human normal hepatocyte L02 cells. i L02 cells were stimulated with 1 2 ， ， ， （ ）， 4 8 12 16 and 20 mmol/L TCM solution dissolved in dimethyl sulfoxide and the control group and blank group were set ， - ， up. After culturing for 24 hours the cell viability was detected by CCK 8 colorimetric method and the concentration of TCM ） -， - stimulation was screened. ii L02 cells in logarithmic growth phase were randomly divided into control group and low medium - ， ， ， and high dose groups. After 24 hours of exposure to 0 4 8 and 12 mmol/L TCM the cells were collected. The activity of （ ）， （ ）， （ - ） （ ） superoxide dismutase SOD catalase CAT glutathione peroxidase GSH Px and the level of malondialdehyde MDA NRF2， - （HO-1）， were detected by colorimetric analysis. The mRNA expression levels of heme oxygenase 1 glutamate cysteine （GCLC） （） （NQO1） - ligase catalytic subunit and NAD P H quinone dehydrogenase 1 were detected by real time fluorescence ， - ， polymerase chain reaction. The protein levels of NRF2 HO 1 GCLC and NQO1 were detected by Western blotting.Results ） ， ， ， ， i When the concentration of TCM was 4 8 12 16 and 20 mmol/L the survival rate of L02 cells decreased （ P ） ， ， significantly compared with the control group all <0.05 . The concentration of 0 4 8 and 12 mmol/L were selected as the ） ， - stimulation doses for subsequent experiments. ii Compared with the control group the activities of SOD and GSH Px in L02 （ P ） （ P ）， - cells in the three doses groups decreased all <0.05 and the levels of MAD increased all <0.05 with a dose effect - （P ）， relationship. The CAT activity of L02 cells in the medium dose group was lower than that in the control group <0.05 and the - （ P ） CAT activity of L02 cells in the high dose group was lower than that in the others three groups all <0.05 . Compared with the ， NRF2 - （P ），NRF2 control group the relative expression levels of mRNA in L02 cells in the low dose group decreased <0.05 - （P ）， NRF2 mRNA in L02 cells in the medium dose group increased <0.05 mRNA and NRF2 protein expression in L02 cells in （ P ） HO-1，GCLC， NQO1 ， the highdose group increased both <0.05 . The relative expression level of mRNA and GCLC NQO1 （ P ） protein expression in L02 cells in the three doses groups increased compared with the control group all <0.05 . The relative NRF2 - - - expression level of mRNA in L02 cells in the high dose group was higher than that in the low and medium dose groups （ P ）， - （P ）， both <0.05 and the relative expression of NRF2 protein was higher than that in the low dose group <0.05 but the HO-1 GCLC - - （ relative expression levels of and mRNA and HO 1 protein level were lower than those in the medium dose group all P ）Conclusion - <0.05 . TCM exposure can inhibit the proliferation of L02 cells by inducing oxidative stress with a dose effect ， relationship. In this process the antioxidant mechanism mediated by NRF2 was activated. The expression of antioxidant defense ， - ， and detoxification related target genes downstream of NRF2 signaling pathway was activated and the expression of HO 1 - GCLC and NQO1 was up regulated to alleviate the oxidative damage caused by TCM.

Ameliorative effect of Argyreia boseana Sant. & Pat. on stress in C. elegans

Background: Pathyashadangam kwath, a classical ayurvedic polyherbal formulation is used for thetreatment of cluster head ache, migraine, upper respiratory diseases, ear ache and night blindness. Review of literature suggested that characterization parameters of Pathyashadangam kwath are notreported.Objective: To report characteristic parameters of Pathyashadangam kwath to confirm quality and purity.Materials and methods: The fruit pericarps of Haritaki, Bibhitaki and Amalaki, aerial parts of Bhunimba,rhizome of Haridra, stem bark of Nimba and stem of Guduchi were the ingredients of Pathyashadangamkwath. Three batches of the kwath were prepared as per standard procedures. The kwath was evaluatedfor organoleptic, physical, phytochemical and chromatographic parameters as per standard methods.Results: HPTLC analysis revealed that Toluene: Ethyl Acetate: Formic acid (2.5: 2.0: 0.5) was a suitablemobile phase for characterization of the kwath. HPLC analysis revealed that andrographolide was asuitable marker for standardization of the kwath.Conclusion: The characterization parameters presented in this paper may serve as standard reference forquality control analysis of Pathyashadangam kwath.

Parámetros hematológicos y de estrés oxidativo en pingüinos de Magallanes rehabilitados por contaminación con petróleo / Blood and oxidative stress parameters of oil-spill rehabilitated magallanic penguins

Los pingüinos de Magallanes son entre las aves marinas, la especie más afectada por la contaminación con petróleo en Chubut y Santa Cruz. Una de las consecuencias adversas de la exposición a hidrocarburos y otros contaminantes es el aumento de los niveles celulares de especies reactivas del oxígeno o estrés oxidativo, considerados herramientas útiles como biomarcadores del impacto de la exposición a contaminantes químicos peligrosos. El objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar parámetros hematológicos y marcadores de estrés oxidativo durante la rehabilitación de tres pingüinos empetrolados provenientes del Área Natural Protegida Punta Tombo, Chubut, Argentina. Se tomaron tres muestras de sangre por individuo: la primera muestra al arribo de los pingüinos al centro de rehabilitación, la segunda una semana después y una última muestra antes de ser liberados. Se obtuvieron la cantidad total de leucocitos, la razón heterófilos/linfocitos, el hematocrito y las concentraciones de glucosa y de proteínas totales. Se analizó la actividad de la enzima catalasa, responsable de la degradación del peróxido de hidrógeno, los niveles de tioles totales no proteicos y el daño a lípidos evaluando las especies reactivas al ácido tiobarbitúrico, como indicadores de estrés oxidativo. El estudio se complementó con la obtención del peso de los pingüinos. En general, los parámetros medidos, aumentaron o se mantuvieron constantes desde la primera toma de muestra hasta la última. Si bien algunas de las variables para cada pingüino se comportaron diferentes durante el tratamiento, en general se observó una tendencia a normalizarse hacia el momento de su liberación. Se concluye que los pingüinos se liberaron en buen estado físico luego de la rehabilitación.

Magellanic penguins are among the most affected seabirds by oil contamination in Patagonia. Hydrocarbons and other pollutants cause an increase in the cellular levels of reactive oxygen species that lead oxidative stress and in this way, the evaluation of oxidative stress parameters could be useful tools as biomarkers to evaluate the exposure to hazardous chemical contaminants. The aim of the present work was to evaluate hematological parameters and oxidative stress biomarkers during the rehabilitation of three oil-spill penguins from Punta Tombo Natural Protected Area in Chubut, Argentina. Three blood samples were taken from each individual, the first sample was obtained at arrival of penguin to the rehabilitation center, the second one was the following one week and last sample was taken before animals were freed. Hematocrit, white blood cell count, heterophil/ lymphocyte ratio as a measure of stress, and concentrations of glucose and total proteins were determined. The thiobarbituric acid reactive species, a well-established method for monitoring lipid peroxidation, the activity of catalase enzyme (involved in the catabolism of hydrogen peroxide) and the thiol levels were evaluated as oxidative stress indicators. In general, the measured parameters remained constant or increased their values from the first to the last blood sampling. While some of the variables for each penguin behaved differently during treatment, generally they tended to normalize when penguins were released. We conclude that penguins were released in good physical condition after rehabilitation.

Metabolismo oxidativo sérico em ratos diabéticos com lesão periapical / Oxidative metabolism in blood serum of diabetic rats with or without periapical lesion

Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a influência da infecção endodôntica associada ou não à diabetes, nas concentrações séricas dos antioxidantes endógenos albumina, bilirrubina e ácido úrico, da capacidade antioxidante total (TAC) e do parâmetro oxidante malonaldeído (MDA) em soro sanguíneo de ratos Wistar. Foram utilizados 40 ratos divididos em 4 grupos: euglicêmicos (C); euglicêmicos com lesão periapical (LP); diabético (D) e diabético com lesão periapical (D+LP). A diabetes foi induzida quimicamente pela utilização da droga Aloxano, via intramuscular, na dose de 150 mg/kg, e a lesão periapical, por meio da exposição pulpar do primeiro molar superior direito ao meio bucal durante 30 dias. Após este período, foi coletado o sangue, através de punção cardíaca para obtenção do soro, e também, as hemimaxilas, para o processamento histológico. No soro foi realizada a mensuração da albumina pela técnica verde de bromocresol, bilirrubina por Van der Bergh, ácido úrico pela uricase, TAC pela captura do radical livre ABTS, e MDA pelo ensaio das substâncias reativas ao ácido tiobarbitúrico (TBARS). Na análise histológica foram avaliadas a intensidade e extensão da inflamação, reabsorção radicular e tamanho da lesão. Os valores foram analisados pelos testes de análise de variância (ANOVA) e de Tukey (p<0,05). Os valores obtidos em escores foram analisados estatisticamente, por meio dos testes de Kruskal-Wallis e Dunn (p<0,05). Nos ratos diabéticos (D e D+LP) houve um aumento da concentração de MDA e ácido úrico e uma diminuição de albumina em relação aos ratos euglicêmicos (C e LP). O grupo D+LP comparado ao D apresentou um aumento de ácido úrico e diminuição de albumina. A análise histológica mostrou que a lesão periapical de ratos diabéticos (D+LP) possui maior severidade quando comparada com a dos ratos euglicêmicos (LP). A lesão periapical associada com a diabetes altera o status antioxidante, diminuindo a concentração sérica de albumina e aumentando...

This study aimed to evaluate the influence of endodontic infection associated with or without diabetes, in the serum concentrations of endogenous antioxidants albumin, bilirubin and uric acid, total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and oxidant parameter, malondialdehyde (MDA) in blood serum of the Wistar. It were used 40 rats in 4 groups: euglycemic (E); euglycemic with periapical lesion (PL); diabetic (D) and diabetic with periapical lesion (D + PL). Diabetes was chemically induced by alloxan intramuscularly at a dose of 150 mg/kg and periapical lesion by exposure right first molar to the oral environment for 30 days. After this period, blood was collected via cardiac puncture to obtain serum, and also the hemi-jaws for histological processing. Albumin measurement by bromocresol green technique, bilirubin by Van der Bergh, uric acid by uricase, TAC by capturing the free radical ABTS, and MDA by assay of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) were performed in serum. In the histological analysis, the intensity and extent of inflammation, root resorption and bone loss were evaluated. The values were analyzed by analysis of variance tests (ANOVA) and Tukey‟s test (p < 0.05). The values obtained for scores were statistically analyzed by the Kruskal- Wallis test and Dunn‟s tests (p < 0.05). In diabetic rats (D and D + PL) there was an increase in the concentration of MDA and uric acid while decrease in albumin compared to euglycemic rats (E and PL). D + PL group compared to D showed an increase of uric acid and decreased albumin. Histological analysis showed periapical lesion of diabetic rats (D + PL) has a greater severity when compared with the euglycemic rats (PL). Periapical lesion associated with diabetes changes the antioxidant status, reducing serum levels of albumin and increasing serum levels of uric acid...

Biofilm formation by Stenotrophomonas maltophilia isolates from device-associated nosocomial infections / Formación de biopelículas por aislamientos de Stenotrophomonas maltophilia recuperados de infecciones nosocomiales asociadas al uso de dispositivos médicos

Medical devices are often colonized by bacteria which may cause severe infections. The aim of this work was to evaluate biofilm formation by S. maltophilia isolates from device-associated nosocomial infections. The 13 local isolates exhibited different capacities of biofilm formation on hydrophilic and hydrophobic surfaces. All isolates formed strong biofilms in polystyrene microplates, while strong, moderate or weak biofilms were detected in borosilicate (BS) or polypropylene (PP) tubes. The proficiency of biofilm formation was better evaluated by the level of crystal violet staining expressed relative to the final culture density. The microscopic analysis of biofilms formed on glass coverslips revealed the presence of a matrix of exopolysaccharides and microcolonies typical of biofilm architecture. Isolates with increased adhesion to BS showed larger microcolonies. According to our results, twitching correlated well with attachment to the three abiotic surfaces tested, while swimming only showed a slight correlation with biofilm formation on PP. Poor correlation was observed between cell surface hydrophobicity and biofilm formation. One of the highest biofilm-producing isolates adhered to urethral catheters of different materials, and exhibited an increased resistance to oxidative stress, one of the common stresses encountered by bacteria during the infection process due to the immune response.

El objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar la formación de biopelículas por parte de aislamientos de Stenotrophomonas maltophilia. Los 13 aislamientos locales evaluados mostraron diferente capacidad de formar biopelículas en superficies hidrofílicas e hidrofóbicas. Todos ellos formaron biopelículas fuertes en microplacas de poliestireno (PS), mientras que se observaron biopelículas fuertes, moderadas o débiles en tubos de borosilicato (BS) o polipropileno (PP). La medida del cristal violeta unido a la biopelícula expresada en función de la densidad final de los cultivos permitió una mejor evaluación de la eficiencia de formación de biopelículas. El análisis microscópico de biopelículas formadas sobre cubreobjetos mostró la presencia de una matriz de exopolisacáridos y microcolonias típicas de la arquitectura de las biopelículas. Los aislamientos con mayor adhesión a BS mostraron microcolonias de mayor tamaño. La motilidad asociada a superficies ( twitching) presentó buena correlación con la adhesión a BS, PP y PS, mientras que la motilidad asociada a flagelos solo correlacionó ligeramente con la adhesión a PP. La correlación entre la hidrofobicidad de la superficie bacteriana y la formación de biopelículas fue escasa. Uno de los aislamientos productores de biopelículas fuertes evidenció capacidad de adhesión a catéteres uretrales de diferentes materiales y mayor resistencia al estrés oxidativo.

Alteraciones del sistema antioxidante en retinopatía diabética / Alterations of the antioxidant system in diabetic retinopathy

Los diabéticos con un control deficiente de la glicemia tienen una actividad antioxidante total disminuida, lo que provoca defectos en la protección contra los radicales libres de oxígeno, específicamente se altera la susceptibilidad al daño oxidativo. La alteración de la glicemia implica aumento del sorbitol y del glutation lo que genera daño en cristalino y retina, llevando a una perdida parcial o total de la visión. Diversas estudios clínicos favorecen la hipótesis de que la baja actividad de las enzimas del sistema antioxidante, está asociada con daños microvasculares en la retina, sin embargo, algunos autores han reportado estudios donde no hay una asociación estadísticamente significativa, por consiguiente, es importante plantear investigaciones que permitan medir el estado antioxidante total ya que este es un reflejo de los niveles de radicales libres y del daño ocular. Con este artículo se pretende realizar una revisión sobre el papel y la posible implicación, a nivel preventivo, que puede tener la asociación entre alteraciones del sistema antioxidante y la retinopatía diabética; pues se podría determinar, de forma indirecta, el inicio y la severidad del daño en retina, lo cual permitiría seguir una conducta terapéutica temprana generando prevención primaria.

The diabetic with a deficient blood glucose control have an antioxidant activity total diminished, what causes defects in the protection against the free radicals of oxygen, specifically is altered the susceptibly al oxidative damage. The alteration of the glucose implies increase production of sorbitol and of glutation and may cause to damage in crystalline and retain, involving to a partial or total loss of the vision. Clinical trials diverse favor the hypothesis that the activity of the enzymes of the antioxidant system, are associates with microvascular damages in it retain, nevertheless, some authors have reported studies where there is not a statistically significant association, consequently, is important to present studies that permit to measure the antioxidant state total since this is a reflection of the free levels of radicals and of the ocular damage. With this article intends to carry out a revision on the role and the possible implication, to preventive level, that can have the association among alterations of the antioxidant system and the diabetic retinopathy; therefore would be able to determine, of indirect form, the start and the severity of the damage in retaining, which would permit to continue an early therapeutic conduct generating primary prevention.